nctref/src/ast.c

#include"ast.h"

#include<stdint.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<assert.h>
#include<stdarg.h>

const char *AST_KIND_STR[] = {
	AST_KINDS(GEN_STRI)
};

AST *ast_expression_optimize(AST *ast) {
	return ast;
}

int ast_expression_equal(AST *a, AST *b) {
	if(a->nodeKind != b->nodeKind) return 0;
	
	if(a->nodeKind == AST_EXPR_PRIMITIVE) {
		return a->exprPrim.val == b->exprPrim.val;
	} else if(a->nodeKind == AST_EXPR_VAR) {
		return a->exprVar.thing == b->exprVar.thing;
	} else if(a->nodeKind == AST_EXPR_UNARY_OP) {
		return a->exprUnOp.operator == b->exprUnOp.operator && ast_expression_equal(a->exprUnOp.operand, b->exprUnOp.operand);
	} else if(a->nodeKind == AST_EXPR_BINARY_OP) {
		return a->exprBinOp.operator == b->exprBinOp.operator && ast_expression_equal(a->exprBinOp.operands[0], b->exprBinOp.operands[0]) && ast_expression_equal(a->exprBinOp.operands[1], b->exprBinOp.operands[1]);
	} else if(a->nodeKind == AST_EXPR_STACK_POINTER) {
		return 1;
	}
	
	return 0;
}

// ... Ew
int ast_stmt_is_after(const AST *chunk, const AST *s1, const AST *s2) {
	const AST *s = chunk->chunk.statementFirst;
	
	while(1) {
		if(s && s->nodeKind == AST_STMT_LOOP) {
			int i = ast_stmt_is_after(s->stmtLoop.body, s1, s2);
			if(i != -1) {
				return i;
			}
		}
		
		if(s == s1) {
			return 0;
		}
		if(s == s2) {
			return 1;
		}
		
		if(!s) break;
		
		if(s->nodeKind == AST_STMT_IF) {
			int i = ast_stmt_is_after(s->stmtIf.then, s1, s2);
			if(i != -1) {
				return i;
			}
		}
		
		s = s->statement.next;
	}
	
	return -1;
}

/*
 * This pass is necessary for the purposes of optimization and regalloc.
 * Because an AST may hold outdated UD-chains, this pass MUST be called
 * before using the UD-chains to make sure they are valid.
 * 
 * Each local var (VTE of kind VARTABLEENTRY_VAR) holds its own UD-chain
 * that specifies the exact nodes in the AST where:
 * 1. It is used
 * 2. The whole statement in which it is used
 * 3. The definition that *might* be in use
 * 
 * Because multiple definitions may be in use (reachable) at the point
 * of the use, a unique UseDef for each possible definition is appended
 * to the chain.
 * 
 * Reachable definitions are kept track in a ReachingDefs, also held by
 * each VTE. In the case of a single, simple block of code, we know
 * exactly one definition (including undefined) can reach each variable,
 * which would simplify the ReachingDefs structure to a single
 * definition pointer.
 * 
 * Unfortunately, conditional blocks and loops ruin this simplicity.
 * If you have code like
 *   x = A
 *   if B {
 *     x = C
 *   }
 * then afterward two definitions may apply to x.
 * 
 * A solution here is to lay ReachingDefs as a graph, with each
 * ReachingDefs having an optional parent. When we enter a new block of
 * code, we create an empty ReachingDefs with the previous block as its
 * parent. Any definitions replace the ones in the deepest
 * ReachingDefs only.
 * 
 * How we exit a block depends on its type. If it is conditional,
 * the reaching definitions should join the parent (mergedefs).
 * If the block is a loop, it is even worse. Given
 *   x = A
 *   loop {
 *     use x
 *     x = B
 *   }
 * definitions can apply to uses that come before it!
 * 
 * Also, a different case:
 *   x = A
 *   loop {
 *     use x
 *     y = B
 *   }
 * Because, technically, the last use of x is before y = B, y and x may
 * be assigned the same physical location, corrupting data as a result.
 * To fix this, fake, "useless" statements are inserted during parsing
 * that make the AST look as such:
 *   x = A
 *   loop {
 *     use x
 *     y = B
 *   }
 *   x;
 * Until dead code removal is implemented, this will not be a problem.
 */

static void rawadduse(VarTableEntry *vte, UseDef *ud) {
	assert(vte->kind == VARTABLEENTRY_VAR);
	
	assert(ud->next == NULL);
	
	assert(!!vte->data.var.usedefFirst == !!vte->data.var.usedefLast);
	
	if(!vte->data.var.usedefFirst) {
		vte->data.var.usedefFirst = vte->data.var.usedefLast = ud;
	} else {
		vte->data.var.usedefLast->next = ud;
		vte->data.var.usedefLast = ud;
	}
}

static void adduse(VarTableEntry *vte, AST *use, AST *whole) {
	assert(vte->kind == VARTABLEENTRY_VAR);
	
	assert(vte->data.var.reachingDefs != NULL);
	
	for(size_t d = 0; d < vte->data.var.reachingDefs->defCount; d++) {
		UseDef *ud = malloc(sizeof(*ud));
		ud->def = vte->data.var.reachingDefs->defs[d];
		ud->use = use;
		ud->stmt = whole;
		ud->next = NULL;
		
		rawadduse(vte, ud);
	}
}

static void overwritedefs(VarTableEntry *vte, AST *def) {
	assert(vte->kind == VARTABLEENTRY_VAR);
	
	if(!vte->data.var.reachingDefs) {
		vte->data.var.reachingDefs = calloc(1, sizeof(*vte->data.var.reachingDefs));
	}
	
	vte->data.var.reachingDefs->defCount = 1;
	
	if(!vte->data.var.reachingDefs->defs) {
		vte->data.var.reachingDefs->defs = calloc(1, sizeof(*vte->data.var.reachingDefs->defs));
	}
	
	vte->data.var.reachingDefs->defs[0] = def;
}

static void mergedefs(VarTableEntry *vte) {
	assert(vte->kind == VARTABLEENTRY_VAR);
	
	ReachingDefs *rdefs = vte->data.var.reachingDefs;
	
	assert(rdefs != NULL);
	assert(rdefs->parent != NULL);
	
	rdefs->parent->defs = realloc(rdefs->parent->defs, sizeof(*rdefs->parent->defs) * (rdefs->parent->defCount + rdefs->defCount));
	memcpy(rdefs->parent->defs + rdefs->parent->defCount, rdefs->defs, rdefs->defCount * sizeof(*rdefs->defs));
	
	vte->data.var.reachingDefs = rdefs->parent;
	
	free(rdefs->defs);
	free(rdefs);
}

static void pushdefs(VarTableEntry *vte) {
	assert(vte->kind == VARTABLEENTRY_VAR);
	
	ReachingDefs *rdefs = malloc(sizeof(*rdefs));
	rdefs->defCount = 0;
	rdefs->defs = NULL;
	rdefs->excludeParent = 0;
	rdefs->parent = vte->data.var.reachingDefs;
	
	vte->data.var.reachingDefs = rdefs;
}

static void pushdefsall(AST *tlc) {
	for(size_t i = 0; i < tlc->chunk.varCount; i++) {
		pushdefs(tlc->chunk.vars[i]);
	}
}

static void mergedefsall(AST *tlc) {
	for(size_t i = 0; i < tlc->chunk.varCount; i++) {
		mergedefs(tlc->chunk.vars[i]);
	}
}

static void mergedefsloop(AST *tlc, VarTableEntry *vte, AST *daLoopStmt) {
	assert(vte->kind == VARTABLEENTRY_VAR);
	
	for(size_t d = 0; d < vte->data.var.reachingDefs->defCount; d++) {
		UseDef *ud = vte->data.var.usedefFirst;
		
		while(ud) {
			if(ast_stmt_is_after(daLoopStmt->stmtLoop.body, NULL, ud->stmt) == 1 && ud->def != vte->data.var.reachingDefs->defs[d]) {
				UseDef *udnew = calloc(1, sizeof(*udnew));
				udnew->next = ud->next;
				ud->next = udnew;
				
				udnew->def = vte->data.var.reachingDefs->defs[d];
				udnew->use = ud->use;
				udnew->stmt = ud->stmt;
				
				if(udnew->next == NULL) {
					vte->data.var.usedefLast = udnew;
				}
			}
			
			ud = ud->next;
		}
	}
	
	mergedefs(vte);
}

static void mergedefsloopall(AST *tlc, AST *daLoopStmt) {
	for(size_t i = 0; i < tlc->chunk.varCount; i++) {
		mergedefsloop(tlc, tlc->chunk.vars[i], daLoopStmt);
	}
}

static void ast_usedef_pass(AST *tlc, AST *a, AST *wholestmt) {
	if(a->nodeKind == AST_CHUNK) {
		for(AST *s = a->chunk.statementFirst; s; s = s->statement.next) {
			ast_usedef_pass(tlc, s, s);
		}
	} else if(a->nodeKind == AST_STMT_IF) {
		pushdefsall(tlc);
		
		ast_usedef_pass(tlc, a->stmtIf.expression, wholestmt);
		ast_usedef_pass(tlc, a->stmtIf.then, wholestmt);
		
		mergedefsall(tlc);
	} else if(a->nodeKind == AST_STMT_LOOP) {
		pushdefsall(tlc);
		
		ast_usedef_pass(tlc, a->stmtLoop.body, wholestmt);
		
		mergedefsloopall(tlc, a);
	} else if(a->nodeKind == AST_STMT_ASSIGN) {
		if(a->stmtAssign.what->nodeKind == AST_EXPR_VAR && a->stmtAssign.what->exprVar.thing->kind == VARTABLEENTRY_VAR) {
			overwritedefs(a->stmtAssign.what->exprVar.thing, a);
		}
		
		ast_usedef_pass(tlc, a->stmtAssign.what, wholestmt);
		
		if(a->stmtAssign.to) {
			ast_usedef_pass(tlc, a->stmtAssign.to, wholestmt);
		}
	} else if(a->nodeKind == AST_STMT_EXPR) {
		ast_usedef_pass(tlc, a->stmtExpr.expr, wholestmt);
	} else if(a->nodeKind == AST_EXPR_VAR) {
		if(a->exprVar.thing->kind == VARTABLEENTRY_VAR) {
			adduse(a->exprVar.thing, a, wholestmt);
		}
	} else if(a->nodeKind == AST_EXPR_BINARY_OP) {
		ast_usedef_pass(tlc, a->exprBinOp.operands[0], wholestmt);
		ast_usedef_pass(tlc, a->exprBinOp.operands[1], wholestmt);
	} else if(a->nodeKind == AST_EXPR_UNARY_OP) {
		ast_usedef_pass(tlc, a->exprUnOp.operand, wholestmt);
	} else if(a->nodeKind == AST_EXPR_CALL) {
		ast_usedef_pass(tlc, a->exprCall.what, wholestmt);
		
		for(size_t p = 0; p < a->exprCall.what->expression.type->function.argCount; p++) {
			ast_usedef_pass(tlc, a->exprCall.args[p], wholestmt);
		}
	} else if(a->nodeKind == AST_EXPR_PRIMITIVE) {
	} else if(a->nodeKind == AST_EXPR_STRING_LITERAL) {
	} else if(a->nodeKind == AST_EXPR_CAST) {
		ast_usedef_pass(tlc, a->exprCast.what, wholestmt);
	} else if(a->nodeKind == AST_EXPR_STACK_POINTER) {
	} else if(a->nodeKind == AST_STMT_BREAK) {
	} else if(a->nodeKind == AST_STMT_CONTINUE) {
	} else if(a->nodeKind == AST_STMT_EXT_ALIGN) {
	} else if(a->nodeKind == AST_STMT_EXT_ORG) {
	} else if(a->nodeKind == AST_STMT_EXT_SECTION) {
	} else if(a->nodeKind == AST_STMT_DECL) {
		assert(a->stmtDecl.thing->kind != VARTABLEENTRY_VAR || a->stmtDecl.expression);
	} else if(a->nodeKind == AST_STMT_RETURN) {
		if(a->stmtReturn.val) {
			ast_usedef_pass(tlc, a->stmtReturn.val, wholestmt);
		}
	} else {
		abort();
	}
}

void ast_usedef_reset(AST *chu) {
	for(size_t i = 0; i < chu->chunk.varCount; i++) {
		VarTableEntry *vte = chu->chunk.vars[i];
		
		assert(vte->kind == VARTABLEENTRY_VAR);
		
		vte->data.var.reachingDefs = NULL;
		vte->data.var.usedefFirst = NULL;
		vte->data.var.usedefLast = NULL;
	}
	
	pushdefsall(chu);
	
	return ast_usedef_pass(chu, chu, NULL);
}

static char *cat(char *a, const char *b) {
	if(!a) {
		return strdup(b);
	}
	
	a = realloc(a, strlen(a) + strlen(b) + 1);
	strcpy(a + strlen(a), b);
	return a;
}

__attribute__((format(printf, 1, 2))) static char *malp(const char *fmt, ...) {
	va_list v1, v2;
	va_start(v1, fmt);
	va_copy(v2, v1);
	size_t len = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, fmt, v1);
	va_end(v1);
	va_start(v2, fmt);
	char *str = malloc(len + 1);
	vsnprintf(str, len + 1, fmt, v2);
	str[len] = 0;
	va_end(v2);
	return str;
}

char *type_to_string(Type *t) {
	if(t->type == TYPE_TYPE_PRIMITIVE) {
		char ret[16] = {};
		int i = 0;
		
		ret[i++] = t->primitive.isFloat ? 'f' : (t->primitive.isUnsigned ? 'u' : 'i');
		snprintf(ret + i, sizeof(ret) - i, "%i", t->primitive.width);
		
		return strdup(ret);
	} else if(t->type == TYPE_TYPE_POINTER) {
		char *c = type_to_string(t->pointer.of);
		char *r = malp("%s*", c);
		free(c);
		return r;
	}
	
	return strdup("@unimp");
}

static char *ast_dumpe(AST *e) {
	if(e->nodeKind == AST_EXPR_PRIMITIVE) {
		return malp("%i", e->exprPrim.val);
	} else if(e->nodeKind == AST_EXPR_VAR) {
		VarTableEntry *vte = e->exprVar.thing;
		
		if(vte->kind == VARTABLEENTRY_VAR) {
			return strdup(vte->data.var.name);
		} else if(vte->kind == VARTABLEENTRY_SYMBOL) {
			return strdup(vte->data.symbol.name);
		} else abort();
	} else if(e->nodeKind == AST_EXPR_UNARY_OP) {
		const char *op = NULL;
		switch(e->exprUnOp.operator) {
		case UNOP_REF:
			op = "&";
			break;
		case UNOP_DEREF:
			op = "*";
			break;
		case UNOP_BITWISE_NOT:
			op = "~";
			break;
		case UNOP_NEGATE:
			op = "-";
			break;
		default:
			abort();
		}
		char *c = ast_dumpe(e->exprUnOp.operand);
		char *r = malp("%s%s", op, c);
		free(c);
		return r;
	} else if(e->nodeKind == AST_EXPR_BINARY_OP) {
		char *a = ast_dumpe(e->exprBinOp.operands[0]);
		char *b = ast_dumpe(e->exprBinOp.operands[1]);
		const char *op;
		switch(e->exprBinOp.operator) {
		case BINOP_ADD:
			op = "+";
			break;
		case BINOP_SUB:
			op = "-";
			break;
		case BINOP_MUL:
			op = "*";
			break;
		case BINOP_DIV:
			op = "/";
			break;
		case BINOP_BITWISE_AND:
			op = "&";
			break;
		case BINOP_BITWISE_OR:
			op = "|";
			break;
		case BINOP_BITWISE_XOR:
			op = "^";
			break;
		case BINOP_EQUAL:
			op = "==";
			break;
		case BINOP_NEQUAL:
			op = "!=";
			break;
		default:
			abort();
		}
		char *r = malp("(%s %s %s)", a, op, b);
		free(a);
		free(b);
		return r;
	} else if(e->nodeKind == AST_EXPR_STACK_POINTER) {
		return malp("@stack");
	} else if(e->nodeKind == AST_EXPR_FUNC) {
		char *out = NULL;
		
		{
			char *rettype = type_to_string(e->expression.type->function.ret);
			out = malp("%s(", rettype);
			free(rettype);
		}
		
		for(int i = 0; i < e->expression.type->function.argCount; i++) {
			char *argtype = type_to_string(e->expression.type->function.args[i]);
			char *out2 = malp(i == e->expression.type->function.argCount - 1 ? "%s%s" : "%s%s, ", out, argtype);
			free(out);
			free(argtype);
			out = out2;
		}
		
		{
			char *choonk = ast_dump(e->exprFunc.chunk);
			char *out2 = malp("%s) {\n%s}", out, choonk);
			free(out);
			free(choonk);
			out = out2;
		}
		
		return out;
	}
	
	return malp("@unimp:%s", AST_KIND_STR[e->nodeKind]);
}

char *ast_dump(AST *tlc);

static char *ast_dumps(AST *s) {
	if(s->nodeKind == AST_STMT_DECL) {
		VarTableEntry *vte = s->stmtDecl.thing;
		
		if(vte->kind == VARTABLEENTRY_SYMBOL) {
			char *t = type_to_string(vte->type);
			char *e = s->stmtDecl.expression ? ast_dumpe(s->stmtDecl.expression) : strdup("");
			char *r = malp("%s%s %s: %s;\n", vte->data.symbol.isExternal ? "external " : "", t, vte->data.symbol.name, e);
			free(t);
			free(e);
			return r;
		}
	} else if(s->nodeKind == AST_STMT_ASSIGN) {
		char *a = ast_dumpe(s->stmtAssign.what);
		char *b = ast_dumpe(s->stmtAssign.to);
		char *r = malp("%s = %s;\n", a, b);
		free(a);
		free(b);
		return r;
	} else if(s->nodeKind == AST_STMT_LOOP) {
		char *inner = ast_dump(s->stmtLoop.body);
		char *c = malp("loop {\n%s}\n", inner);
		free(inner);
		return c;
	} else if(s->nodeKind == AST_STMT_IF) {
		char *cond = ast_dumpe(s->stmtIf.expression);
		char *inner = ast_dump(s->stmtIf.then);
		char *c = malp("if(%s) {\n%s}\n", cond, inner);
		free(cond);
		free(inner);
		return c;
	} else if(s->nodeKind == AST_STMT_EXPR && s->stmtExpr.expr->nodeKind == AST_EXPR_VAR) {
		const char *name;
		
		if(s->stmtExpr.expr->exprVar.thing->kind == VARTABLEENTRY_VAR) {
			name = s->stmtExpr.expr->exprVar.thing->data.var.name;
		} else {
			name = s->stmtExpr.expr->exprVar.thing->data.symbol.name;
		}
		
		return malp("%s; /* loop guard */\n", name);
	} else if(s->nodeKind == AST_STMT_RETURN) {
		if(s->stmtReturn.val) {
			char *e = ast_dumpe(s->stmtReturn.val);
			char *c = malp("return %s;\n", e);
			free(e);
			return c;
		} else {
			return malp("return;\n");
		}
	}
	
	return malp("@unimp:%s\n", AST_KIND_STR[s->nodeKind]);
}

char *ast_dump(AST *tlc) {
	AST *stmt = tlc->chunk.statementFirst;
	
	char *ret = NULL;
	
	#define CAT(s) do { char *b = s; ret = cat(ret, (b)); free(b); } while(0)
	
	while(stmt) {
		CAT(ast_dumps(stmt));
		
		stmt = stmt->statement.next;
	}
	
	return ret;
}

static void *memdup(void *a, size_t len) {
	void *r = malloc(len);
	memcpy(r, a, len);
	return r;
}

AST *ast_deep_copy(AST *src) {
	if(src->nodeKind == AST_EXPR_VAR) {
		return memdup(src, sizeof(ASTExprVar));
	} else if(src->nodeKind == AST_EXPR_PRIMITIVE) {
		return memdup(src, sizeof(ASTExprPrimitive));
	}
	
	abort();
}